Everything about Jp-4 totally explained
JP-4, or
JP4 (for "Jet Propellant") was a
jet fuel, specified in
1951 by the U.S. government (MIL-J-5624E). It was a 50-50
kerosene-
gasoline blend. It has lower
flash point than
JP-1, but was preferred because of its better availability. It was the primary U.S. Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. Its
NATO code is
F-40. It is also known as
avtag. The maximum burning temperature of this type of fuel is 3688 °C.
JP-4 is a mixture of
aliphatic and
aromatic hydrocarbons. It is a flammable transparent liquid with clear or straw color, with a kerosene-like smell. It evaporates easily. Its freeze point is at -77 °F (-60 °C) and its flash point temperature is 0 °F (-18 °C).
Commercial aviation uses a similar mixture under the name
Jet-B. JP-4 in addition contains
corrosion inhibitors and
icing inhibitors. Since the mid 1980s,
antistatic agent was added to the fuel to decrease the risk of fires caused by static electricity discharges.
JP-4 is a nonconductive liquid, prone to build up
static electricity charge when being moved through pipes and tanks. As it's volatile and with low flash point, the static discharge may cause a fire. An
antistatic agent is used as a fuel additive to lower the charge buildup, the flow rates have to be controlled, and all the equipment used has to be electrically interconnected and well grounded.
JP-4 was phased out by the U.S. Air Force, and was replaced with
JP-8. The transition was finished by the fall of 1996, and was motivated by the desire to use less flammable, less hazardous fuel.
JP-4 floats on water and when a lit match is dropped into it, ignition doesn't occur.
Further Information
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